Food for Thought: Jubilee: Recipes from Two Centuries of African American Cooking

Jubilee: Recipes from Two Centuries of African American Cooking: A Cookbook is delightful in multiple ways. Toni Tipton-Martin is a fine descriptive writer who documented her 300 African American cookbooks in The Jemima Code, which won a James Beard Award.

Now, she’s updated her favorite recipes from the collection for the modern kitchen. The chapter on cornbread, for example, is an eye-opener, taking us from wads of dough cooked in the ashes of a fire because you had no utensils to spoon bread and “Spanish” riffs which remind me of the jalapeño cornbread served at Highland Park Cafeteria.

The naturalistic photos by Jerrelle Guy (credit to her for the feature photo at the top of the post) are just as good as the prose and make me want this book in hardcover rather than my usual Kindle version. Take a look at the lamb shanks photo on page 215, complete with some “accidental” splatters on the dish, and you’ll be hoofing it to the butchery for ingredients to make this dish.

The leisurely history lessons with each recipe limit their quantity but I’m happy to take quality over volume in this case. There’s a tempting recipe for barbecued pork shoulder but no brisket, for example, and potato salad but no cole slaw. (Though the author might argue those are  Southern dishes from German and Dutch traditions, vs black, and she’d be right.)

Jubilee: Recipes from Two Centuries of African American Cooking: A Cookbook (yes, that’s an affiliate link, and hopefully enough readers will click it that we can get our own copy) is a revelation  for anyone who loves food with tradition mixed in. Check it out.

 

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Recipe: Fresh Lumpia (Lumpia Sariwa)

Fresh Lumpia

Fresh Lumjpia (Lumpia Sariwa)

Fresh Lumpia, or Lumpia Sariwa, is a completely different animal than fried lumpia. The latter is what’s commonly found in Filipino restaurants in the US, and it’s very similar to a fried Chinese eggroll or Vietnamese spring roll. Fresh lumpia is more like a crepe, wrapped around a savory filling and topped with an peanutty, garlicky sauce. This is our attempt to recreate the fresh lumpia we enjoyed in the 1980s in the long-departed House of Lumpia in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles. Makes about half a dozen lumpia.

The filling should have a mild savory flavor and you can mix and match ingredients as you like (including making an all-veggie version) but sweet potato and shredded cabbage seem to be universal. Some recipes substitute milk for water in the crepe, leave out the cornstarch or use more eggs but the end result is a mainly a neutral platform for the dish. The sauce is really the key and it should be as garlicy as you can stand it.

Ingredients, for the crepes:
1 egg, beaten
¼ c cornstarch
¾ c all-purpose flour
Pinch of salt
1 t sugar
1 ½ c (approx.) water

For the filling:
225 g/8 oz ground pork, chopped shrimp, chopped tofu or a combination
2 T vegetable oil if needed (my pork was very fatty so didn’t)
1 rib/50g chopped celery
2 cloves garlic. chopped
3 t grated ginger
100 g onion, chopped (half a large onion)
100 g carrot, chopped (a large peeled carrot)
125 g yam, peeled and finely chopped (about a c)
2 c shredded cabbage
2 T fish sauce
Water, maybe ¼ c
½ t pepper
Additional salt to taste (you may not need it)
Sliced jalapeño, optional (I like a bit of heat but have found no in-country recipes that include it)
A few scallions, optional, sliced lengthwise into one-inch shreds

For the sauce:
½ head garlic, divided into cloves but not peeled*
1 T neutral oil
2 T chopped garlic
2 T chopped peanuts
3 T peanut butter
1 c water
1 ½ T cornstarch
3 T brown sugar
2 T soy sauce
1 T white or cane vinegar

Method: make the filling first. Stir fry onion and garlic in oil; add protein and cook through. Parboil sweet potato cubes in a small pot until they are just beginning to soften, about 5 minutes. Reserve. Add celery and carrot and stir-fry until barely tender, then add reserved sweet potato. Add water and cabbage and stir in; allow cabbage to soften from residual heat. Add fish sauce and taste for seasoning. You’ll need some pepper and maybe a bit of salt. Add optional jalapeños and scallions and scant handful of chopped peanuts at the end.

Lumpia Wrappers

Lumpia Wrappers

Make the wrappers: whisk cornstarch into beaten egg. Mix in salt and sugar. Add water and flour in alternate scoops, a quarter cup at a time, whisking constantly, until all flour is incorporated. The batter should have the consistency of cream; if it’s thicker than that add more water. Set aside at least 15 minutes while you work on the other steps. When you’re ready, heat a nonstick pan to low-medium, then pour in the batter a quarter cup at a time and swirl to reach edge of pan; If the crepe doesn’t expand easily to the edge, add more water to the batter. Cook just until surface is dry and edges are beginning to curl up, then flip onto a towel to rest, uncooked side down. Repeat with remaining batter.

Lumpia Filling

Lumpia Filing

Make the sauce: boil the unpeeled garlic cloves until they are very tender when poked with a fork, maybe 20 minutes. Drain. When the cloves are cool enough to handle, squeeze out the cloves into a small saucepan, discard peel, and mash into a slurry. Sauté for about a minute, then proceed with the recipe. *Add ¾ c water, peanut butter, soy sauce and brown sugar and heat till sugar is dissolved. In a small cup, mix cornstarch with remaining water and add to the gravy on the stove. Stir until thickened. Add half the chopped peanuts and chopped garlic.

To assemble: place an open wrapper on a bed of romaine leaves. Fill the wrapper with about ½ cup filling in its center, then place a small romaine leaf on top and fold the edges over the filling. Pour over the sauce and garnish with additional chopped peanuts and garlic. Eat with knife and fork, or pick up the romaine on the plate and enclose the lumpia in it and eat like a taco.

*You can also just peel and sauté the raw cloves which will give a sharper and less subtle taste. Or, work with a bag of pre-peeled garlic

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Recipe: Ivy German Baguette

Ivy German Baguettes

Ivy German Baguette

Ivy German Baguette is a tribute to our beloved mini-schnauzer, who had a habit of jumping up and stealing bread from the counter. In spite of her preference for whiter loaves, Ivy was Germanic in most of her habits, so we’ve added some pumpernickel and fenugreek to the dough. Makes 4 medium baguettes or 2 boules.

Ingredients:
125 g lively sourdough starter @60%
500 g all purpose flour
100 g pumpernickel or dark rye flour
2 t ground fenugreek
1 T or more kosher salt (we ended up using almost 2 T)
450 g water (add a bit more if you’re comfortable with wetter doughs)

Method: combine all ingredients except salt and mix thoroughly with your hands in a glass bowl, or on first speed in an orbital mixer. Autolyse 30 minutes then add salt and either a/start a series of 8 stretch-and-folds, 15 minutes apart; or b/knead on second speed for 7 minutes. Use the “gluten window” test to confirm good gluten development and knead more if necessary. Cover and set aside in a warm place until you see air bubbles in the dough when viewed through the side of the bowl. (This is why you are using a glass mixing bowl.)

Transfer the risen dough to a floured work surface. Divide into 4 equal pieces if making baguettes, 2 if making boules. Shape each piece into a smooth ball and cover with a dish towel; rest 30 minutes. Shape into baguettes or transfer to floured bannetons, cover, and allow to rest until dough creases smooth out and the dough is slightly risen, maybe an hour. Meanwhile, preheat oven with cast iron dutch oven pots inside, if you are making boules, or half-sheet pan or equivalent (see photo)  if you are making baguettes, to 500 degrees.

Ivy German Baguettes in Pan

This is our preferred method for baking baguettes in a home oven: a commercial sheet cake pan. After the dough is loaded and sprayed with water, a half-sheet pan is placed on top  to steam the bread.

When ready to bake, carefully remove the hot pan(s) from the oven and sprinkle the inside surface with polenta. Transfer the dough to the dutch oven or the sheet pan and cover to retain steam (if using sheet pans, you should also spray the loaves and the pan with water). Place in oven and immediately lower heat to 480 degrees. After 20 minutes, remove cover(s) and lower heat to 450 degrees. Bake another 25 minutes or until dough is a dark brown (but not burnt) and registers 206 degrees on a meat thermometer. Rest at least 30 minutes before slicing.

This bread has a nuttiness that will be familiar to anyone who has eaten German baked goods, thanks to the fenugreek. It would be fantastic as a ham and cheese sandwich, or just enjoy spread with soft cheese or paté.

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How to win Saratoga Restaurant Week

Taverna Novo Pizza and Oven

The Margherita Pizza served as part of the $20 Saratoga Restaurant Week menu. (Their photo, not mine; my pizza was gone before I could take a photo.)

The first hard frost of the season is predicted for tonight, but I’m going out because we’re in the midst of Saratoga Restaurant Week. You can find our 2019 Saratoga County Restaurant Week offerings here.

As usual, some places look at Restaurant Week as bonus publicity for their regular menu. They’ll toss in a cookie with their regular burger and chips and call it their $10 lunch special. Or they’ll take advantage of their free listing and say they are participating and not bother to put up a menu at all. Not cool, and we will remember.

The best places will put together an inventive menu that does not have too high a food cost but really shows off what the restaurant can do. This is how you attract new customers or reactivate past customers, as in the example of the $20 menu from Taverna Novo which offered the soup of the day, a margherita pizza and a generous slice of pistachio cheesecake made in house.

Tomorrow night (the menu says it’s served starting Wednesday, but they weren’t ready) you can have Dominic Colose’s new Mediterranean-inspired menu also for $20. Dominic used to rail against restaurant weeks in his blog, so I’m happy he’s come around.

There’s also a $30 menu level which provides some wiggle room for fine-dining places like Salt & Char and The Blue Hen*, but you can also find some modest spots here where it would be hard to drop $30 at regular prices. I think I’ll stick to the $20 establishments and there are more than enough of those to last me till Sunday.

*Blue Hen also has a $35 prix fixe menu which includes a glass of wine and selections you may prefer to the Restaurant Week menu, and it’s available on a regular basis.

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Recipe: Smoothie Bread

Smoothie Bread

Smoothie Bread made with white rye and whole wheat flour

Smoothie Bread was inspired by the wild and crazy bakers at Hungry Ghost in Northampton, MA, who have started putting seaweed, beets and other unexpected things in their dough. Eating our smoothie bread is like drinking a breakfast smoothie or protein shake—except it’s bread! Just like the smoothie itself, the recipe is very adaptable so you can substitute, add or subtract from the recommended add-ins to your heart’s content. Makes two 1 ½ lb loaves.

Ingredients
150 g lively sourdough starter @100% made with half whole wheat flour and half all purpose flour (this is the Tartine formula)
50 g cornmeal
450 g whole wheat flour or mix of whole wheat and other darker flours (we used 200 g white rye and 250 g whole wheat)
500 g all-purpose flour
650 g water
50 g/ ½ c dried currants or raisins
50 g/ ½ c chopped walnuts or other nuts
100 g/1 c smoothie mix of berries, chopped fruit, finely chopped kale etc—whatever you like to put in your smoothie
1 T caraway seeds
2 T sorghum, honey or blackstrap molasses
1 T or more Kosher salt

This is the frozen smoothie mix we used, found in a 2-lb bag at our big box store.

Method: mix starter, water and flour and autolyze 30 minutes or longer. Add salt and either a/start a series of 8 stretch-and-folds, 15 minutes apart; or b/knead on second speed for 7 minutes or until you have good gluten development. Add the mix-ins after the second-stretch-and-fold or 1 minute of mixing. When the ingredients are thoroughly combined, taste for salt and add more if you wish. (We added another full T.) Allow to rise in a warm place for 4 hours.

Transfer the risen dough to a floured work surface. Divide and shape the dough; cover and rest for 30 minutes. Transfer to floured bannetons, place in plastic bags and refrigerate overnight. In the morning, let the dough come to room temperature for about an hour then preheat oven with 2 cast iron dutch ovens inside to 500 degrees. When ready to bake, carefully remove the hot pans from the oven and sprinkle the bottom interior surface with polenta. Transfer the dough to the dutch oven and cover. Bake 20 minutes, then lower heat to 450 degrees and bake another 10 minutes. Remove cover and bake another 20 minutes or until the crust is a rich dark brown (it will be darker than usual because of the sugar content) and registers 206 degrees on a meat thermometer. Rest at least 1 ½ hours before eating with butter or spread with a soft cheese.

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Recipe: Ethiopian Red Lentils in Tomato Sauce

Ethiopian Red Lentils in Tomato Sauce

Ethiopian Red Lentils in Tomato Sauce

When you’re composing a combination of dishes to be served on injera for an Ethiopian meal, you need at least one stick-to-the-ribs dish that is the equivalent of chili in American cuisine. This Ethiopian Red Lentils in Tomato Sauce recipe fits the bill. I’ve borrowed Kittee Berns’ recipe for ye’misser wot be’timatim, though I’ve substituted Niter Kibbeh for the vegan cooking oil.

Ingredients:
½ c dried red lentils (can use other lentils if that’s what you have)
Water to cover, about 3 cups
1 c red onion, finely chopped
A bit of salt (for cooking the onions)
2 T Niter Kibbeh or clarified butter or olive oil
3 cloves garlic, finely chopped
½ t peeled and grated fresh ginger
½ t ground coriander
¼ t ground cardaman
2 T berbere seasoning*
2 t paprika
1 T tomato paste
1 small tomato, diced
Reserved lentil cooking liquid as required

Method: Cook the lentils with a generous amount of water, adding more if needed. Bring to the boil then lower heat and simmer, stirring and skimming frequently, until tender. This should take no more than 10-15 minutes. Drain the lentils and reserve the cooking liquid

Add onion and salt to a dry saucepan and cook over low-medium heat until the onion has released its liquid and softened, stirring to keep it from burning, about 5 minutes. Add niter kibbeh and heat to melting, scraping up any bits of onin that have stuck to the pan. Cover and cook over very low heat until onion is very soft and beginning to brown, about 10 minutes. Uncover and add spices and cook on medium heat about a minute until fragrant, stirring to expose them to the hot oil. Add tomato paste and diced tomato and a cup of the reserved lentil cooking liquid. Bring to a boil, then cover and simmer until the sauce has thickened somewhat and the tomato has broken down. Add the lentils and possibly a bit more of the cooking liquid to create a very thick slurry you will be able to scoop up without dripping. Cover and heat a few minutes to blend the flavors. You can serve immediately, but this preparation will be just as good reheated the next day.

*I use Penzey’s Berbere which I think is spicier than most blends. Taste and add more as you go to your own tolerance/preferences. Resist the temptation to just use cayenne because berbere includes a number of additional ingredients (check the list on the Penzey’s link above).

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Ethiopian food and cultural appropriation

Injera Fries Schug

Leftover fries on injera with a dollop of Lebanese schug… hardly authentic, but delicious.

Is it okay that the best Ethiopian cookbook in English is written by a white, ethical vegan feminist? We’re talking about Teff Love by Kittee Berns which, after exploring multiple sources online, still produces the best results in our ham-handed attempts to replicate the meals we’ve had in Ethiopian restaurants.

A possible answer is this blog post by Sistah Vegan, which came out at the time Teff Love was published in 2015. The author’s beef (our poor choice of words) wasn’t with Berns or the book, but rather the publisher’s promos that the book “demystified” Ethiopian cooking and might make readers who are in fact Ethiopian feel marginalized because they are assumed not to be in the mainstream of American society.

Is it okay that the best Sichuan cookbook is written by Fuchsia Dunlop, an Englishwoman? Can barbecue be racist by perpetuating certain white stereotypes about black pit bosses in the South? Our answers to these questions would be yes, and no. We respect the cultural concerns these questions bring up, but we’re here for the food. We taste something new and different and want to make it in our kitchen, and it doesn’t matter if it’s raw liver from Hawaii or pickled tripe from the Pennsylvania Dutch (not Amish).

Some of our fondest memories from our time in the Bay Area are the Chowhound dinners which featured a mix of non-Asian, Chinese American and native Chinese foodies tasting the very best banquet style meals that were often designed just for us. The chefs were proud of their skills and the ethnic Chinese diners were proud to share part of their culture. This pride comes from sharing something very special that you’ve worked hard to attain. If the anglo diners were appropriating Chinese culture, at least our curiosity was respectful.

As regular readers of this blog will have noticed, we’re currently obsessed with Ethiopian food. We’ve tinkered with a number of the standard recipes you find in almost every U.S. Ethiopian restaurant including tibs, gomen and kitfo, but yearn to know more about the variety available in the mother country. Ethiopia is geographically diverse with deep valleys (including the Rift, home of early human Lucy), mountains and high plateaus and each region has its characteristic crops and foods. We are tempted to just go there and see for ourselves, as did this African-American restaurant owner from the DC area. However, most of the popular restaurants in Addis Ababa, the capital, are Italian according to TripAdvisor; Ethiopia was occupied by Italy before and during World War II though citizens like to point out it was never a “colony”.

Injera Butter Honey

Instead of biscuits for breakfast, try butter on injera with honey.

In the meantime, we’ve been tinkering with ways to enjoy non-Ethiopian dishes on injera, and enjoying the sharp sourdough taste and the pleasure of eating your serving utensils. Almost any food that is finely textured (or chopped into small pieces) and has the consistency of a stew is a candidate. A typical Texas BBQ plate of brisket, beans, slaw and potato salad could easily be served on injera instead of a side of white bread. If that’s cultural appropriation, we plead guilty and please pass the Tabasco.

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Recipe: Gomen (Ethiopian collard greens)

Gomen Recipe

Gomen is typically served with kitfo in an Ethiopian meal

This Gomen recipe is borrowed from Kittee Berns’ Teff Love, except that I’ve substituted Niter Kibbeh for her vegan ye’quimen zeyet since it’s being served with kitfo. Add a dollop of ricotta to your injera (substituting for the Ethiopian ayib) and you’re good to go. Makes 4 ½ c servings.

Ingredients:
1 T niter kibbeh
½ red or white onion, peeled, sliced and cut into strips
2 cloves garlic, grated
½ t grated ginger
1 bunch collards, very finely chopped
½ c water
Salt and pepper to taste

Method: sauté onion in niter kibbeh until very soft, 10 minutes or so. Add garic and ginger and cook just until fragrant, about a minute. Add collards and water and stir to mix in, then cover and cook over low heat until thoroughly wilted but not mushy, about 10 minutes. Salt and pepper to taste. Serve with kitfo and ayib/ricotta on injera.

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Water. Flour. Salt.

Hungry Ghost Whole Wheat Boule

Amazing whole wheat boule from Hungry Ghost in Northampton, MA made with nothing but water, flour and salt.

Water. Flour. Salt. Is the English translation of one of our favorite blogs, from a Romanian baker named Codutra. (Sadly, it’s gone on hiatus but the recipes are all still there, though you’ll need a translation app if you don’t speak Romanian.) It’s also a reminder that sourdough bread is at its essence those three things, when you don’t count the wild yeast captured from the air and nurtured in the water and flour mix. (Salt has not yet been added since it retards yeast development.)

Salt is by far the least of those three ingredients in weight and volume, but it has an outsize impact on taste. When we did a miche test with legendary local baker Michael London a few years back, he commented that most home bakers don’t use enough salt. That’s why we recommend you taste your bread dough early in the process of kneading or stretch-and-fold or mixing in the Kitchenaid. The amounts of salt in recipes are hard to measure by weight so we typically dump in about two teaspoons full by eye in a dough of 1500 grams or so, then taste and usually add a little more.

Well, we’ve been enjoying the delicious bread from Hungry Ghost in Northampton MA brought back by frequent travelers to that hamlet, and yesterday we had the opportunity to compare their whole wheat boule against our own bread that had just come out of the oven. And we realized the secret to their bread that makes it come alive on the tongue is…. A whole lot of salt!

Improv Bread

Our own improvised batard is not half bad. But maybe it could use some more salt.

Our own loaf was excellent, and also a one-and-done because it was made with a bunch of orphan ingredients in small amounts we were trying to use up: kamut flour (7% by weight), white rye flour (13%), a handful of millet, freeze dried blueberries and orange-flavored cranberries from Trader Joe’s. It was a wonderful slice spread with butter, but the Hungry Ghost boule held its own with nothing more than water, flour and salt.

It’s scary to just start adding salt because once you’ve oversalted your bread you can’t go back. But I’m now thinking the acceptable salt level is higher than we thought. Try this: for your next bake, divide your dough in half. Salt one portion as you normally do, then add 50% extra to the second loaf. Let us know what happens and what you think. We’ll do the same experiment here and report back.

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Recipe: Kitfo (Ethiopian steak tartare)

Ethiopian Raw Beef Kitfo

Here’s our kitfo after a toss in niter kibbeh. Just a shade removed from raw.

If you like steak tartare you’ll probably enjoy kitfo, a spiced raw meat dish which is traditionally eaten in Ethiopia to break the vegetarian fasting period. As with steak tartare, you need to be confident of the source of the meat and the food safety procedures of your butcher. If you’re more cautious, it’s acceptable to cook it a little or a lot, to the doneness stage of ground beef you’d use in a pasta sauce or sloppy joes. We landed just on the uphill side of raw, with some bits slightly cooked but still risky. Allow ¼ lb per person.

Ingredients:
1 lb coarsely ground beef, fat and connective tissue removed
4 T niter kibbeh (Ethiopian clarified butter)
½ t ground cardamom
½ t cayenne OR 1 t berbere seasoning
1 t salt
2 large cloves garlic, finely chopped

Method: heat the niter kibbeh to liquid stage; add garlic and spices and heat over low flame until fragrant. Spoon over raw beef and mix lightly. Serve immediately with injera for scooping up the bites. Kitfo is traditionally served with gomen, or seasoned collard greens, and a mild cheese akin to ricotta.

Here is a blog post with a bit more background on kitfo. Be sure to read all the comments!

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