Food for thought: The Gourmet by Lu Wenfu

Lu Wenfu

Lu Wenfu, from the Goodreads site.

A few weeks ago I attended my college reunion and sat in on a class called “A Chinese Culinary History” taught by Professor Maddalena Poli. To quote from the syllabus, “This course introduces social and historical developments using culinary history as a prism. What do cooking and food habits tell us of Chinese culture? We will explore these topics through a variety of media – primary sources, newspapers, photographs, paintings, and movies.” The session I attended was devoted to “The Gourmet”, a novella from the collection “The Gourmet and other stories of modern Chinaby Lu Wenfu.

“The Gourmet” spans the years from the 1948 revolution to the late 1970s and centers on the relationship between a peasant and a rich man who devotes his life to eating and drinking, i.e. a gourmet. After the revolution the peasant becomes a restaurant manager and decrees that the restaurant will only serve simple food appropriate for the proletariat.  The gourmet goes away to sulk and eventually marries a former courtesan who has opened a secret restaurant serving gourmet food. Meanwhile, the peasant faces a general outcry because everyone wants better food, and eventually he relents and brings back a version of the old menu.

The class, which was entirely student discussion, found it remarkable that the gourmet’s life was so “transactional”—his days were devoted to eating multi-course meals with his friends (the story is set in Suzhou, a city in Southeast China famous for its seafood) and talking about nothing but other meals they had enjoyed and meals they planned to eat. Of course, this is what we do when we go out to eat with our own friends at Burnt My Fingers, LOL.

Lu Wenfu lived from 1927 to 2005, experiencing the highs and lows of Chinese society during a turbulent time. He was reassigned as a mechanic during the Great Leap Forward and forced to wear a placard around his neck as an ideological criminal during the Cultural Revolution. He returned to writing after Mao’s death in 1976 and “The Gourmet” was published in 1983. Not surprisingly, there is much less about those dark periods in the story but there’s plenty of eating and culinary description in the early years, through the mid-50s. Check it out.

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Recipe: Creamy Caesar Dressing

Creamy Caesar Dressing

Creamy Caesar Dressing.

Sometimes you just need a creamy Caesar dressing. This one fits the bill. It’s from GATHER: Casual Cooking from Wine Country Gardens by Janet Fletcher. She puts it atop a rather unusual salad you can read about here, but we like it just fine with your standard greens and croutons. Makes enough for several shared salads.

Ingredients:
½ c mayonnaise
1 ½ t lemon juice
1 ½ t fish sauce (we use Red Boat)
1 t anchovy paste or 3 salted anchovy fillets, finely chopped (optional)
¼ t fresh ground black pepper

Creamy Caesar Salad

Caesar Salad with creamy dressing.

Method: whisk together all ingredients in a bowl. Combine 2 T dressing with 4 cups greens, or to taste, and mix thoroughly. Garnish with a generous scoop of grated Pecorino or Parmesan cheese and your favorite croutons.

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Recipe: Onion Burgers

Onion Burger

Onion Burger with cheese.

I learned about Onion Burgers in this article on Atlas Obscura. It seems that during the Great Depression a burger joint in Oklahoma had the inspiration to cut costs by greatly increasing the amount of onions mixed in with its ground beef… because after all onions are a lot cheaper than meat. The burgers were a hit and there are a few places in OK still making them. And they’re good! They satisfy the urge for a fatty, crispy patty that sometimes drives you out to buy a burger even though you know you can make a better one at home. Makes 8 burgers.

Ingredients:
1 lb ground beef (not too lean; the fat helps cook the onion)
1 lb finely diced onion (or equivalent amount of reconstituted dried onions, which is what I used)
Kosher salt to taste
Ground black pepper to taste
Your favorite burger condiments
Cheap burger buns

Method: mix onion and beef and rest for a few minutes to let the ingredients get acquainted. Add salt and pepper to taste then shape into 8 patties. Fry in a skillet or griddle till the meat is sizzling and the onions are aromatic; flip and add a slice of cheese if you like. Serve onion burgers piping hot, with the grease running off the spatula onto the bun.

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What to do with ramps

What to do with ramps

Ramps. What to do with them?

It’s ramps season here in upstate New York. The wild allium will be showing up on Mother’s Day menus in our better restaurants on top of spaghetti, as a caramelized garnish, and in general wherever you might see a garlic or shallot accent during other seasons. We acquired some ramps from a forager friend and have been wondering what to do with them.

The challenge is that ramps combine two very different form factors: the bulbs and lower stems are dense while the upper green parts are leafy. Sauté a whole ramp after cleaning and trimming and the bulb will be a chewy mouthful but the leafy part will wilt and become leathery and stringy. You could chop them up and cook separately then combine in a dish, but you might not get credit for using these expensive jewels of the forest as opposed to, say, a bunch of green onions.

Here are some ideas.

Ramps compound butter. Pulse the ramps (tops and bulbs) in a minichop, then combine with softened butter and a splash of lemon juice. Add salt and pepper to taste, as desired. Shape into logs then freeze and use as needed as a garnish on seafood.

Ramps breads and biscuits. Ramps leaves really come into their own when they are shredded and folded into dough like our No Knead Cheesy Bread.

Ramps sautéed in brown butter. Separate tops and bulbs then chop each coarsely, so you can still tell they’re ramps. Heat some good butter till it becomes brown and nutty smelling, then cook the bulbs slowly till they’re caramelized and add tops at the end and cook briefly. Serve over toast or as a steak garnish. Variation: sauté some wild mushrooms along with the bulbs.

Ramps with spaghetti. Prepare ramps as above, or use olive oil and sauté till just tender. Fold in a good amount of grated parmesan or pecorino cheese, maybe a bit of lemon juice. Season with salt and pepper and maybe some cracked red pepper and serve over pasta.

Pickled ramps bulbs. Still have ramps after trying all the above? Clean and trim ramps bulbs and pack tightly into a small heatproof jar. Add pickling spices and a bay leaf and pour over a mixture of 100 parts white vinegar:50 parts sugar:4 parts Kosher salt. (In other words, 4% salt or about 1 T per cup of vinegar.) Allow to cool, seal and refrigerate and enjoy over the next few weeks.

This page and this one have some good ramps recipes if you want to explore further.

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Recipe: No Knead Cheesy Bread

Cheesy Bread

No Knead Cheesy Bread, hot out of the oven.

No Knead Cheesy Bread originated with East Coast Kitchen. I heard about it from a local baker friend and realized it was the perfect way to use some ramps another local friend had brought back from a secret location. Make one 1 ½ lb loaf.

Ingredients
3 c all purpose flour
1 ½ c lukewarm water
1 ½ t Kosher salt
½ t active dry yeast
1 ½ c grated cheese (sharp cheddar preferred)
1 c ramps greens, green onion tops or chives, chopped fine

Method: mix flour, water, salt and yeast thoroughly in a bowl. Cover and proof till till the dough rises and becomes bubbly; due to the small amount of yeast this will take 3-5 hours or longer.

Cheesy Bread Dough

The parchment paper “cradle” makes it very easy to transfer the dough to the hot dutch oven.

Preheat oven with cast iron dutch oven and lid inside to 450 degrees. Allow half an hour for the dutch oven to come to temperature. Meanwhile, cut a big square of parchment paper. Dust with flour then pour the dough on top. Spread it out then flip over which makes for easier handling since both sides are now lightly floured.

Sprinkle about 2/3 of the cheese across the surface of the dough, right to the edges, and do the same with 2/3 of the ramps/green onions/chives. Fold the dough in from the corners, adding a little more cheese and greens with each fold. After the last fold, carefully flip over the dough and shape into a ball.

Use the parchment paper as a cradle to lift the dough and transfer it to the (now very hot) dutch oven. Cover and bake for 30 minutes, then uncover and bake 15 minutes longer. Allow the bread to cool slightly before serving with lots of butter.

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Recipe: Coronation Chicken Salad

Coronation Chicken Salad Sandwich.
Coronation Chicken Salad was created for King Charles’ mother back in 1953, possibly as a tribute to the far-flung British empire which was winding down at that time. It has a pleasant sweetness the late queen doubtless enjoyed, as do we. Makes about 3 cups, enough for 4 sandwiches or salad servings

Ingredients
2 c cooked chicken, preferably breast meat, skinned, boned and shredded or cubed into bite size bits
¼ c mayonnaise
¼ c yoghurt
¼ c golden raisins
½ t ground cinnamon*
1 T or more curry powder
3 T sweet mango chutney
¼ c sliced almonds, toasted
½ t Kosher salt, or to taste
Couple grinds of black pepper
3 T cilantro or green onion, finely chopped

Coronation Chicken Salad

Coronation Chicken Salad can be served on its own, in a lettuce cup or (as the Brits do it) on top of a baked potato

Method: combine all ingredients and mix thoroughly. Rest for half an hour then taste before serving. We added more curry powder at this point and just a bit more salt.

*The base recipe by Melissa Clark starts with a fresh chicken which has been poached with an onion and a cinnamon stick. If you go that route, no need to add cinnamon to the salad.

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Food for Thought: Prunes for Epicures

Prunes for Epicures

Prunes for Epicures.

1933 was a big year for the United Prune Growers of California. After exhaustive scientific study, it was revealed that prunes are a natural laxative! In celebration, the Prune Growers published Prunes for Epicures: 20 Intriguing Recipes and then, in a paroxysm of excitement, expanded the booklet to 35 recipes the same year.

I have the 35-recipe version which I bought from a seller on Etsy, so don’t know what recipes were added from the original, but you can find out if you’re curious by subscribing to Google Books. A search reveals that copies are also available on eBay and from online used book sellers. Evidently the Prune Growers distributed a lot of copies.

In addition to such recipes as Prune Bacon Salad and Prune Pot Roast, Prunes for Epicures has good scientific news (in addition to the laxative properties, prunes had been recently identified as excellent sources of iron and copper) and a fine jingoistic plug for California Prunes. (“California Prunes come to you—and you may be sure of it, if they are California Prunes”—as perfect as it is humanly possible to prepare them.”) Check it out!

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Recipe: Prune Bacon Salad

Prune Bacon Salad Sandwich

Prune Bacon Salad Sandwich.

Don’t knock it till you’ve tried it! I bought a huge bag of prunes on sale from Bella Viva Orchards, my favorite source of dried fruit. Then I happened on Prunes for Epicures, a 1933 publication of the United Prune Growers of California. Kismet! Makes 4 sandwiches or salad servings.

Ingredients:
1 c prunes, cooked (see below)
8 slices bacon, cooked crisp
2 T chopped dill pickles or pickle relish
2 T Dijon mustard

Prunes for Epicures

Prunes for Epicures.

Directions: soften the prunes by simmering in water to cover for 30 minutes, or microwave 4 minutes then rest 4 minutes. Drain the liquid (which you can drink with a slice of lemon if you like) and chop the prunes fine. Crumble the bacon with the prunes and mix with pickles and mustard. Serve in a sandwich with mayonnaise, lettuce and sliced tomato or as a salad in a lettuce cup.

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Recipe: Italian Sub Rolls

Puffy Italian Sub Rolls

Puffy Italian Sub Rolls.

Sometimes you just want a soft, puffy Italian sub roll that will soak up the dressing and yield without a crunch when you bite into it. This recipe fits the bill. It’s also much simpler and more straightforward than our hoagie rolls which are chewy and resilient. Makes 4-8 individual sub rolls.

Ingredients:
300 grams lukewarm water (about 1 ¼ c)
2 t (or one packet) instant dried yeast
1 T sugar
1 ½ t salt
500 g all purpose flour (about 3 ½ c)
1 T olive oil

Method: combine water, yeast and sugar in mixing bowl and allow the yeast to bloom for 5 minutes or so. Add flour and salt and mix the dough. Knead until gluten is well developed, about 8 minutes. You can also use an orbital mixer (KitchenAid) and do the first step at first speed and the kneading step at second speed. The dough should just clear the sides of the bowl after a few minutes kneading; if it is too sticky add a bit of flour or if too dry add a few drops of water to adjust.

Add the olive oil to the mixing bowl and turn the ball of dough to evenly coat all surfaces. Cover and rest until the dough has doubled in size and is quite puffy; on a warm day this might take as little as an hour. Shape into balls of even size depending on how many puffy sub rolls you are making. We started with this recipe which calls for 8 rolls but they are rather dainty at 100 g each; next time we will go for 4 rolls or maybe split the difference at 6 rolls.

Sub with Prosciutto

This sub was made with 100g sub rolls so the ingredients are overflowing but it was mighty tasty.

Let your dough balls rest for a few minutes, then roll into cylinders that easily fit a half sheet pan—lengthwise for 4 rolls, crosswise for 8 rolls. Prepare the half sheet pan with a silicone pad or parchment paper dusted with cornmeal or polenta. Arrange the rolls on the pan, cover and rest 40 minutes or until they have expanded and regained their puffiness. At about 30 minutes, preheat oven to 425 degrees. Bake the rolls with steam* for 25 minutes or until lightly browned. Cool to room temperature before enjoying.

*See this post and also this post for techniques for generating steam in a home oven. Steam is not as critical for these buns as for baguettes so don’t stress too much about it. Heart’s Content Farmhouse, linked above, puts a pan in the oven below the baking sheet and pours a cup of water into it. We’ve used this technique with modest success but it can’t hurt.

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Recipe: Ployes (Buckwheat Pancakes)

Ployes Buckwheat Pancakes Butter

Ployes (Buckwheat Pancakes) with butter.

Ployes (rhymes with “boys”) Buckwheat Pancakes are a specialty of the Acadian region of Maine and eastern Quebec. I was lucky enough to bring back a mix made with fresh buckwheat flour from my Maine Kneading Conference, but you can make them from scratch with this official recipe from the University of Maine. There’s no eggs or dairy so the flavor primarily comes from the buckwheat; make sure you have a good product such as Bob’s Red Mill. You can eat them with butter and maple syrup and they will taste just as good as regular pancakes, but Acadians also eat them with cretons (a pate-like spread made with pork and warm spice flavors) or on their own as a portable snack. Makes 10 six-inch ployes.

Ingredients:
1 c buckwheat flour
1/3 c white flour
1 ½ t baking powder
½ t salt
1 c cold water
½ c hot water

Method: combine dry ingredients, add cold water and mix. Add hot water and mix some more until the batter is uniform without lumps. It should be somewhere between the consistency of pancake batter and crepe batter but not as liquid as water.

Ployes Butter Syrup

With butter and maple syrup… mmm.

Heat a nonstick skillet* over medium high heat (go for 400 degrees if you have a laser thermometer). Pour in a scoop of batter (we used a quarter cup measuring cup) and tilt the skillet so the pancake expands in the pan to 6-inch diameter. If the batter is thin enough, little “eyes” will appear all over the surface of the ploy at this point; if the pancake is too thick and eyes do not form, gobble up this test ploy and add water and stir before making the next one. DO NOT FLIP THE PLOY; it is done when the surface turns dull and the edges start to curl. Remove the finished pancake with a spatula and repeat, stirring the batter in between each batch.

It only takes about 10-15 minutes to make all your ployes, so you can spread them out on a countertop or keep warm in a low oven if you prefer. Serve with butter and syrup or maybe some jam or honey.

*It’s traditional to cook ployes in a cast iron skillet, but we found our Misen nonstick skillet made it much easier to tilt and expand the ployes with its lighter weight. If you don’t use a nonstick skillet you might need to add a dab of butter or bacon grease under your batter.

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